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Penola is a town 388 km southeast of Adelaide in the heart of one of South Australia's most productive wine growing areas. Coonawarra lies just to the north and is renowned for the quality of its red wines. At the , Penola had a population of 1,317. It is known as the central location in the life of Mary MacKillop (St. Mary of the Cross), the first Australian to gain Roman Catholic sainthood, who alongside Julian Tenison Woods in 1866 established the first free Catholic school〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sisters of St Joseph – Queensland Province – History ) 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Sacred Heart – South Australian Province – History ) 〕 using the Woods/MacKillop Catholic education system in Australia, St. Joseph's School.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mary MacKillop's Story )〕 Woods and MacKillop also established in Penola 'her' order of nuns, the Congregation of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. The order, otherwise known as the 'Josephites' or 'Brown Joeys', continue to work with the poor and needy communities throughout the world today.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sisters of St Joseph – About Us ) 〕 ==History== The first Europeans to the area were the Austin brothers who arrived in 1840 and established a run of 109 square miles (282 km²). The first settlers were Scottish-born Alexander Cameron and his wife Margaret in January 1844 after obtaining an occupation licence. In April 1850, Cameron obtained 80 acres (0.3 km²) of freehold land (his station was on a pastoral lease) and established the private town of Panoola, later known as Penola. By 1850, he had built the Royal Oak Hotel and was doing much business supplying liquor to the many travelers passing through to the Victoria goldfields. Penola Post Office opened around 1852.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Post Office List )〕 John Riddoch purchased Yallum in 1861. Riddoch grew up in poverty in the highlands of Scotland and in 1851 emigrated to try his luck on the Victoria goldfields. Within a few years he was a successful shopkeeper and wine merchant on the Geelong goldfields. He acquired 35,000 acres (142 km²) on which he ran 50,000 head of sheep. It was Riddoch who planted the first grape vines and helped to diversify the pastoral economy of the area with an agricultural industry. In 1890, he established the Penola Fruit Growing Colony which was renamed Coonawarra in 1897. In 2010, a strong tornado ripped through the township destroying at least four buildings and damaging many more. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Penola, South Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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